The "not over the player's head" language was removed a very long time ago. The 2024 rule changes posted on the USA softball site do not add it back in.
You can read the rule changes here -
https://www.usasoftball.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/120/2023/11/RuleChangesWComments_110223.pdf
And the "not over the player's head" was part of the foul tip definition. It didn't mean that it had to go over a player's head to be caught for an out, just that a batted ball that otherwise met the definition of a foul tip but that also went above the player's head could not be a foul tip.
So in 2024 (and from the
2024 USA Softball Rulebook
Foul tip - A batted ball that goes sharply and directly from the bat to the catcher’s hand(s) or glove/mitt and is legally caught by the catcher.
Foul ball - A batted ball that:
A. Settles or is touched (not caught) on or over foul territory between home and first base or between home and third base.
B. Bounds or rolls past first or third base on or over foul territory.
C. While over foul territory, touches the person, attached or detached equipment or clothing of a player or an umpire, or any object foreign to the natural ground.
D. While over foul territory, an offensive player interferes with a defensive player attempting to field a batted ball.
E. First hits the ground over foul territory beyond first or third base.
F. Touches the batter or the bat in the batter’s hand(s) a second time while the batter is within the batter’s box.
G. Goes directly from the bat to any part of the catcher’s body or equipment and is caught by another fielder.
H. Hits the pitcher’s plate and rolls untouched to foul territory before reaching first or third base.
A foul tip is a strike every time. If it's the third strike it's an out.
A foul ball is also a strike but is only an out when it's the third strike in slow pitch (fast pitch and modified are like baseball when dealing with multiple foul balls).
A batted ball that is caught legally and is not a foul tip is an out every time.
Try not to over complicate it.